Newspapers / The Newbernian, and North … / May 29, 1849, edition 1 / Page 1
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7 iwra:Tmt-j.--. ..ss7'-'. J4J-!- 9 1 $2 50, IN ADVANCE. EDMUND MARSTO'N, PKINTEU. f. MAYIIEW, EDITOR. NEWBERN, N. C, TUESDAY, MAY 29, 1849. WHOLE NO. 105- fir 0 I -I 1 V- I 4- VOL, VII. iNO. 21, Tiic iwtu anuinc zwu Mercantile Lihrarn ArociitV" cv . n..,4 finer conducts Llysscs p.aco. i .i , ,,. !rivIilcr-rari:or f - T-V ... !.: vi-i! t ' -'f . ... i , r .1.-1. f.'i.n'V SCl'i'.u C'Juiiuj v ua.iv Wt V 'Vl f!l Oman's utmost HvarvK "p.l hi wavc-i with cvtr- rr-turi! t ! .r. l.-tr;.! jr v V of Cimai' ri i v i lUv w.O " I' ! :f:.l hi! tV rxrostvc moi i v- .1 ! - ,(:UM. ;h.-i: UT.hou rtne rrnp!yt:uM:s F.r th f. rni! -; nie rrnp!.y.d in 'iniilar or s-tts : f -f 'r: t ... it f:.-:;:.'i'u-in.I women work in ! ir I v : in tint Mate tiJi-re is an i f 7 J - V- ina!;s. wliTra if the nntu- j :;itn c t'e vxes rxtsfiMi nni'.nj; i t :.r.iv. p.ip'iVvioti, or such as i- found at f f ,c Soith. M3irhiii.-tM oi.ght to have an ; r. . . .1 I l- vJ i i v. r.Ty ruo m ini. , i n in t I'lc-fi.t o is aboot tMrty thonanii i r.LwooD nrK- 1 . S, Vngil conducts lVa, to the , paupers ot .Massachusetts ami cw , The W ial. political, and economical .... ,i :c .v,,l sl,,nM frr s. of h Cun.an sy; ?re pnncjpally foreign m.g.ants. Iu h,. . f , in , !utions 'r,eculia, to each, f. I. l5lll wi-M o .r improved co:,crpti..n5 of H a .n.Htakc. In the o ort p,,,prs of "I conjecture. We .f .hut Ma,e and its inmates 1 had the .experience of half a cen- :ul ih. ino.j .brrrt av.-nn.- t approicli i t, Luili bu ittlc ot i r one nun. w ..I ii l,0t? , R iefOIC U3 jn the facts ,.,. n,-l- i:rl.- ,...c-i ul,r, :lc,L . give loot p.oba bly.excceil he propo, No., il.cn, neither .., ., a v:..w ..J" if. vwM l.arn to fix the ( that populat.on ir the bta to. 1M. of, ' c S nor sectional predju- , .,0y in l..-r of n g;vat .My where ; I01C persons a,lm,tiMl .nro the hn j ?Sm or f.natkism ,an prevaih - h ' 1 ,"VcU- 1 M lI,cre I:'.1:0; ?.".: 4??.; lTl.ti: ! IvTll b. observed I do notcomp.re the 1.4" 1 v " T by...I ihf ilui; pn.porti .n. it is ,,jn ,Jt a subsistence. And there are al- 1 similar in clmnte and productions, but be-Klnj-' t!s l.ses a portion of :.. v.V. ..L- M ip!.,.enit. i.r...t ! cause in them the effects of the two systems r irnfc I' i-T -t.n"i.iinii in ir - .... ..: i... : .: .. W a she m re.nl .reed a-ain by ' i- i f . - i r : . i i.i m - in i. it- ...c.r. cmiSr.mii 4: 1 . t!: ?e. IJut there MiiLre- Mti' t. v.h mt.5t have pcr l ! 1 i.-rs of the towns r.:.t .'.ti I irre a pait of her ..i ;.! t ' v";'i t's suburb town, i'ifi): ! L;)i,iOiJ ir nearly ; t?if f j.v. So then, the op.'- ft i I t.. r !vot4 a . . ,. r - " ,C or lon. ly anl lccrtCi c-avi'tts. bit in fu-t'rie.s. ft k ft women, not I have said ' ij.i iru--.i vvt"ic!i, a- sacn a vocan-in wou:u ! -c ritiu-r iocomjv.tab'e with the detnestic i!u:i i of uivr. Now accor iing to the cen t. r were but about o7,00'J wo men in tli.it Srire. between the nges f 17 arid -". . :!. ;! ab-irit seven-eighths of lhe itti.i ?r ih,, . ::. i i .il-j.v-achuSi'tts. at a :: : '! lit- ta t o-i''i! t tesicrrJ t. love i-. i c ti::-!:i; : --Txrc an-I t hope, to ! ::r: 1 t . i,:;-. aft ?e:it f.ith from the 1 a .j. ii u i.-.i. t 1 1 r tr v.'.ts contlned .i-r-'.'.ir. ir..::jf e.inl'iiiiiiii a h'indrcvl - i :i coiitind to a 5pae tivc ?ect j I i t i.t.'tfti l.' ir- a i. iy. uti-i .r a maic . . r . , an 1 t. ' j imittrd to receive a visit it i:ti a l'vi i i r'ta:e in ihf mi'l, except liy lhe p.-rtni:.n i f the T-iitirs acnt, or at the bi ..ri!;:.g-h.ue, ex.'ept by the per-ru;-iou ut the pipi irtu s h 'i c-!'i"er ; for uch are the regu.'ations ami couJition of I.iwell. This confix rnent to factor if., post pones rhc fiiarriac of the u orneu of M:ia ehusetts to an average of 2- or 21 years. I not know at whit age precisely, inar r i i;'s ccur i i Vit gini i, but the census shows t . I I i that Virgin: i. u i :i fe er adults, has 100,000 m r nl i lul U I. It: i!t U rmt a g ;! r. tuli.i m of rivilicd i-nunit.e-. i: n . ally c'n;d'rcd esen- I '.!. -t.ife i f ir pauper- i i SI hot b miih- me pi-n ers mem- " t;.u u.v c n:;! iu a eonsrd. .able clas ,: b- ium thv ir n.nlr sif cti vi:..l.'v the n.l.t on i.f.hc e itire I T- -rlrir c'at. i Mi th New York the progress rf rJur' -' " 1 pi-. in the Timber supported or reUcved was 15,;" 00 in $3 it wz$ 3,)2. a. ciding to Cha jia's I. . Ctjzcltcer for IS 11. In IS 13 or 1 the number had increased to about 72.C00 j'T.n.ncnt, and the samo numberof orca--'.ci' piuperi", making a total of 1 II,t'0O as appears from the Journal of Commerce. T;;. - w,re fjr the whole !?ta!c, and there v x- i,.cr.c piupcr t every seventeen in hi. . n 1M7 there were rcccircd at . timr ;m It I ..... l tl.e ri) t out i f Ate in ti .. -r Vrttv Wk was dcrc:; len: . m-uc or l-si. on Pb hz chanty. 1 ,.c total c.u .Ui vcar J .hU pauperism v.a, s?3U.203 SS.t por thu present year of IS 10, ,hc estimate h $100 -VO?, according to the Mayor's message. ' In -Massachusetts, it appears by tbe return t'-at there wcro in IS35 5,550 paupers, and p IS, 1S.093. These were all in the alms--u.es. Those relieveJ out of tho alms- v- eic b I i , making a total ofJSS 510 thc'SlS'? rCp0rt 0f lhc Sretary of from for, . ""icnuseiis. And ;be returns ance be l" are milted. If allow ia .MasjacLuu,;: V U wUI be secn lhat twenty is a con -an? J0"0" -0Ul of evcr J anl or occasional piuper. Aafricar A!n.:r.ic . : to N..:;b. t.v. .!.:.: the laws of nature j he Xortht mut nQt on, jm gu i.y a at .: i ;!.- fov;s; to S. nd tho- aUN ,,ut mu$t Wofk com t;m, J, sin s ;. h.r away t.om their happy , if iCy fte suljoctcfl !o another mighty evil, o .:, , at h rn to rrc uuntcr ihe hardh'ps j wlich-spriliss frorn rr al f?3Sl is aggrivated ... t;.e Ue: ? to 5. n ! run t.tudes ot .thci j b lhe roca.c. anj that is crllSS. ,i: by i!i?ipi:ton in h, r cities, and to 'TU nnmUmfmnvU.in.u.Wunn,.. t ,a: iir-rc arc ar.o.n ni.y u- . un, wi.mcri S3n , ,n t,,e penilen,iary of Virginia there ...,ip:o;..-. in thy I.,cioii; of MMsa.-lrusctts f are ony ,,, whil SD bbckg iniH. S : I, t. t.:e !o.r:.r. my l the of;ic,al census of Mtrs f)Uf. tjmc3 ho arooiint jf crimo in ri0. j:,, .-: .rc m lb 1 hose who arc thus cm- porlionlo the t-.hife populati m in New York, PI ,:,eJ .t is m!I Inown.a.e generally young. a3 in Virginia. In Massachusetts there were V'K -', J : r 8 -n. and out door relief, was wu: I'1 i 1 - funis to 44,572 persons, mikmg a t ... : d ,., z 1 s , . Iithus appears that in these twoStates pauper I ism is advancing ten times as rapidly as their wealth or population. It has become so great as to include large numbers of able bodied men, who it appears cannot, or what is worse, will not, earn a subsistence, and if such be the case, what must be the condition of the great mass of people hanging on the verge of pauperism, but withheld by an hon orable pride, from applying for public charity. Now, throughout the greater part of Vir ginia and Kentucky, pauperism is almost unknown. I pissed some time ago, the noor-housc of Campbell county. Kentucky, rtfl .i,, nn,yoi si.lt? cf the river, and there solitary inmate. And I have L i.mt'n n T.T1 Inns rr.untv in Virginia to have n iv ' - - w O ! but one. It has gen?rally been supposed that the r.:.i. . I.... ii.oi .os ifn rr.ir nl In j ... propoition of the people of that State are forcigneis; in lioston there is about one- When nauncrism extends to the class that r ai.T.. to ia,.,r it is evident that the wa?cs ol lalMjr arc rtuurni iu me com oi shusisi ence. And hence the whole class must be l 1 1.. 1 . . . C 1 ..l.itr.l t. tho m.-l;inrb..!v mill itr:illt in. ccjj,v of working, rather to avoid ihe poor- j, ' than of better in"- their condition. ' . " . . . Ani ,ho pauper in an alms house is a slave, jjc XYOTks utuvr a master, and receives no- ! J ... . . . . ' nno .nn, r t i.mtni. n i .u cmw i . . , IMlmbcr Occaiona!lv so. n , Iir,r:islllfT , , , r OH;) ' . . j per cent, whilst the wlmle population docs ; not increase 20 percent in ten years. In Cincinnati the numberof paupers, permanent j and occasional, already amounts to two thou ! sand. Whilst the property of the North is thus t rnmnplled to eimfribiiro to i! i - - - - - - t?i'i'ji.wi lii i rn:ir nn i frmvin iitiriion mi.i ih.i itentiaiies of New York, Auburn, Sing Sing and Hlack well's Island, is about two thou- irgmia. in 1847, 2S3 persons in the State prison, which indicates more than twice lhe crime in that Sjalc as in Virginia. Taking all the New England States together, their peniten tiary convicts ore twice as numerous in pro porlion to population, as in Virginia, as will be seen by consulting the American Alma nac fjr IS 10. It contains skc!.hesof the criminal statistics of the several States, and is New England authority. In Ohio there are 170 person?, in the penitentiary in Ken tucky 130, Ohio being 2-7 per cent tbe most, according to population. According ro the returns nf the Kentucky penitentiary, one l"ie linn j .., j--. - . , . i r i X" .1 -.i .1 v i fiminc. In IS I?, of 18.90.) paupers received ; vh.le people of the Noith with the w.iole into the alms houses of Massachusetts 7.4 10 population of the S m'h. I am vow compr werc foreigners We do not know u hat mg whiles only of both sections; it being Ill iw y- 4 nan oi ner convicts lor me list ten yt ar-, ; man any other state. Altogether sue must came from the single county in which Louis have her full propoition. viile, her principal town, is located and one LI.it it is in Education that the North third of the wh.d ; rnnnb-r were born in free j claims the great pre-eminence overthe South. StatCa. Somut h f.rthc States of the No. lb, ! In Massachusetts, according to the census of agricultural, man .facturins:, and commercial, IS 10, there were but 4143 white persons ol i and new, as compared with tbos of the j above the age of twenty who could not read South in crime. The results are uniformly, j and writeand in Virginia there were 58, and largely in favor of the South. j 7S7. In Ohio there were 35.3G4, in Ken- If we turn to the ollh.ial reports ofciimc i tucky 40,010 In Illinois 27,502, in Missis in the great ciiies of tho North, we lh..l 1 a I'V S'3r0- T,,,,s h nppears that whilst state of society exhibited, at which the mind 'here are more than twelve times as many is appalled. In I.ton the numberof per- illiterate persons in tho oldest Southern as sons annuillv nrraiirned for crime, exceeds i " the oldest Northern States, tne proportion J four thousand. anJ ... this number about one- 1 til! ird arc females. So that one ivrsori out 14 malfs, and one out of every 2S I remits is arrested annu ally for criminal of- iVnce. Then, mav U tmne who ir,? nr- .ai.;r.ed more than once a year, but on the J educated at public expense, ami where there other hand, there must be many who escape j h'; their parents must provide for them, detection ahorether. j the children of the South are better educated; In New York the proportion ofciimc is 'or rather, perhaps, it would seem, that the alvut the same, some eighteen thousand per- emigration from the North is much more sons hiving been arrested there last year. ; ignorant than tho South. Still, however, the Of these, i: is said six thousand were for j odds of school instruction are decidedly drunkenness, twelve thousand were commit- with the North. This results from obvious ted to the tombs for examination of whom causes. The territoiial area of Virginia is ten thousand were committed for trial. Of i -..-.- uicrc were sentenced to the estate pu son 119 mm and 17 women to the peni tentiary 700 mt-n and 170 women to the city prison Kc mf.n anj G7 women total 9S1 men, 251 women showing an amount of crime in a single city greater than in all the Southern States together. In the Ken tucky penitentiary there is not a single wo min in the Virginia, I believe there is none. The enormous amount of crime in the Eastern cities, which already livals the de pravity of those of Europe, has been ascribed to the multitude of European emigrants. Hut the returns do not sustain this plea. Of 7,009 persons in the jails and houses of cor rection in Massachusetts in 1S47, only 1165 were natives of foreign countries. This is !- --. ! - less than one-fourth of the whole number, and cannot vary materially from the propor tions of the foreign and native population in the State. Whilst the South has been so touch more secure than the North in life and property from individual crime, it has been at least eqiially exempt from social disturbance .The appre- American Akaanic, 1919. hensions of danger from the dissimilarity of its white and black population have not been re alized. The proportion of white and black mmaina as at first, about two to one. Even in Brazil where this proportion is reversed, where there are two blacks to one white, tran qui itv has reigned for a quarter of a ecntu- . . . .i :i . rr Anil it 13 remarhanie mat iJiatu uuu the United Stares, the only two nations on this continent, where African slavery prevails, are the only two which have succeeded in the - . . . . 11 establishment of stable and nourismng, social and political institutions. In all the Spanish American States, where the attempt has been made, to introduce political equality among distinct and dissimilar races, it has been fol lowed by incessant insurrection, anarchy, pov city, vice, and barbaiisra. When the Union bctxyeen the North and i,r.flr nnr nrpscnt constitution was 'e lust object to ascertain the etiects ot their ; iepective mstitntioin on the whites of the i two sections, l no not, compare ncruieru cities with boutliernbut the white people, ' rnrsA and ir.ban, together of one section with thoc ot tne otner. l nave reiereu more particularly to Northern citirs lecause they : cotitaiti so larjre it not tne lareesr, portion oi 1 Northern population and are the boast and I characteristic of the Northern system. I t . I. 1IC.. . i "ave a,so prcierou 10 compare me om oiaies he sections not only because they are i i i t t l. are more ueveioiieu, auu as uas been con- tended to the great disadvantage of -Ohe -South. There is a class of topics of a more in tangible nature, but not the less important, and which are much insisted on in this con- ' troversVt that now remain to be briefly con sidered. It is urged that religion and edu cation are more prevalent and flourishing in the North than in tho South. It is tiue that the form of religion existing in New Eng land, and by law established, was ex tremely strict an 1 self-denying; as that of Arirginia the Episcopal was then one of the most indulgent of Pro testant sects. But it is well known that the Puritan character has been rapidly degenerating and passing away. Indeed the forms of that faith are no longer domi nant in Boston, tiie ancient seat of its power, and v their place the Unilcrians have pre vailed, and they arc gaining ground rapidly in New England. A change has occurred in Virginia, but a chango in the opposite di rection. Instead of the Episcopalians, the I3aptists are predominant in Virginia. Thus under the operation of their respective in stitutions the religion of Massachusetts has receded from one of the most strict to one of the most relaxed systems of the Protestant faith w ile Virginia has advanced from one of the most indulgent, to one of the stricter forms of religious descipline. There are no means of ascertaining the number of mrmbeis in all the churches in the seve ral States. Virginia has about 80,000 of B iptists alone, she has, 30,000 Methodists, :nd large proportion yet of Episcopalians change, as wc advance Westward until wc hnJ a greater proportion ot them a new st ife ot 11,0 nrtn than in one f e Sauth. Aid tlius it seems that in the new states where children are not probably nine times as great as that ot Mas I w r M r - - sachusetts. If therefore, Virginia were dis posed to adopt the common school system it would require nine times the school houses and teachers to afford the same conveniences for attending school that exist in Massachu setts. Virginia is a thinly settled agricultu ral St ile intersected by several ranges of mountains. In many places thre could not be found ten scholars in ten miles square. In such places a population might be able to live comfortably, but not to establish a school, or send their children abroad to boarding schools. Hence their must be a considerable number without schools. In commercial and manufacturing States or those of small farms and dense agricultural population, this evil is not so much felt. IJut Virginia has a system of oral instruc tion which compensates for the want of schools, and that is her social intercourse. The social intercourse of the south is pro bably much greater than that of any people that evef existed. There Is certainly no thing likd the number of tisits among tbe j American AlminAc, 149; Amfrif&a Alawc. families of a city or even tlTe same square in a city as prevails in the country of the South. And these visits are not fashinable calls, but last for days and weeks and they are the great resources of the South for instruction and amusement. It is true that persons are not taught at such places to read or write, but they are tought to think and converse. They are the occasions of interchanging opinions and diffusing intelligence ; and to perform the duries, to enjoy the pleasures of such intercourse, to please, to shine, and to cap titvate, requires a degree of mental culture which no custom of the North so much de mands. Accordingly the South exhibits the remarkable phenomenon of an agricultural people, distinguished above all others ef the present day by the elegance of their manners and the in the intellectual tone of their so ciety. The North excels in books. In History she has Bancrort and Prescott, in Pi etry, B.yant, Halleck and Whittier, in Criticism, Everett and Channing. In sculpture sha has produced a Powers. Her Franklin lias drawn the lightening from heaven, and taught it to play harmlessly around our very hearths her Morse has even given letters to light ning, and lightning to letters ! The North excels in the arts and the physical sciences in inventions and improvements. She excels in J associative f action, not merely fur Railroads and manufactures, but for literary, benevolent and religious objects I do not desire to de tract one iota from her exalted marifs and hhrh civilization. Uut in individual character and individual action, lhe South excels. For a warm heart and "open hand, for sympathy of. feeling, fidelity of fiiendship, and high sense of honor; for knowledge of the sublime mechanism 'of man, and reason and eloquence to delight, to instruct and to direct him, the "South is superior; and when the North comes into the action with the South, man to man in council or in the field, tho genius of the South hss prevailed from the daysof Jeffer son to Calhoun, from Washington to Taylor. And it is to the solicitude which tho rural life of the South affords, so favorable to reflec tion, and it is to the elevated rural society of the South so favorable for tho study of human nature, that we must ascribe those quali'ies of persuHSion and self-command by which her statesmen and captains have moved the public councils' and won so many a field. The abolition of Afiican Slavery in the South has been urged for many years by a proportion of Northern people. And now its restriction to its present territorial limits is the . avowed . purpose of almost every Northern States. The basis on which this policy rests is the assumption that slavery is sinful and unprofitable. The means now relied on to arrest its future progress is not the pursuas'on of the people of the slave holding States, butthe numerical power of the free States acting through the Federal go vernment. Suppose now the South had a majority of votes, and were not to announce its determination to arrest the furtherprogress of commerce and manufaturcs in conse quence of their poverty pauperism, crime and mortality what would be the sentiment Everywhere felt in tho North? Why one of indignation, scorn and resistance. Such docs the South feel nowl When the North American colonies confe derated for resistance to Great Britain the temtorial erea of the Southern portion of them was 64S.202 square miles that of the Northern only 104,03 1, or about one-fourth as large. Virginia ahne had, by Royal charter, the whole JNorth western terntory in her limits, and during the war had con- firmed her title- by the patriotism and valor of her own citizens who rescued even Illi- rfois from British power. But before the present constitution was formed Virginia, with a magnanimity almost infatuated," had ceded to the confederacy, for the formation of free states, the whole North-western territory now constituting the States of Ohio, Indiana, .... . ... . 1 1.-7- Illinois, .Michigan ana . iscr.nsin, containing the penitentiary as their proportion of the 261,681 square miles, and making the terri- Vvhite population. Is it then for the sake of tory of the free states rather more than that such emancipaiion as the West Indian, which of the slaveholding. The object of this ces- results in idleness, barbarism, and civil war sion ana the ordinance of 1787 was to equal- among the blacks, or for Liberian, which ize the area of the two sections. The exterminates, or the American, which sub acquisition of Louisiana in 1803, added iects them to crime and want, the Philan- J,13S,103 square miles to our territory, of thropy would undertake to overturn the un wind., by the Missouri compromise.the South rivalled system of Southern civilization, obtained only 226,013 square miles, or about But we are told lhat slavery is an evil. one-fifth the other four fifths, notwithstand- Well, so is war an evil, and so perhaps is ing it came to us as a slaveholding province, government itself an evil, since it also is an were allotted to the North, which thus had abridgement of liberty. But one of the first acquired more than 700,000 square miles of objects of our constitution is to provide for tenitory over the South. Florida and Oregon War for the common defence. And the were acquired by the treaty of 1S19, by people of the United States prefer the evil which the South got 59,268 square miles, of war to the greater evils of being plun and the North 341,403, making the North dered and subdued. They prefer the evil about 1,000,000 of square miles tho most, of government to the greater evil of anarchy. In 1S15 Texas was annexed, which added go the people of the South prefer slavery to only 325,520 square miles to the South, even the evils of a dense manufacturing and com if all Teas wre included. In ISIS we mercial population which appear to be in obtained 526.078 square miles more in the evitable wuITout it ; and the blackman may territories of New Mexico and California, prefer the-slavery of the South to the want, And now the North claims the whole of this th0 crime, the barbarism and blood which also and not only this but half of Texas attend his race in all other countries. In besides, which would make the share of the the practical affairs of human life in its pre North exceed that of the South nearly 1,500,- sent state, choice of evils is frequently all 000 square miles : a territory about equal that is in our power. Good and evil in fact in extent to the whole Valley of the Missis- becoms relative, and not positive terms, sippi, and leaving the South only about SlO,- And the necessity is recognized by the ex S12 square miles, while the North retains ample of our Saviour, who applied the re 2,097,124, or nearly three-fourths of the medyof the lash to the money changers who whole I And this too when the South con- profaned the temple. It is consistent for a tributed her full share of the men and money ngid sect like the Quakers to oppose slavery, by which the whole territory was obtained, because they proscribe and repudiate war In the revolutionary war the South furnished an average of 16.714 men in each year, and the North 25.S75, which nearly corresponds with their respective number of citizens, and that too, although :he war was waged chiefly against the large cities of the Norlh cities being in war the most tempting and the most vulnerable, points of attack. In the war with Mexico the South supplied two thirds of 'the volunteers which constituted, three fourths of the entire force employed, The I . V ? 1 .. ... l-f- Vflr ... revenue uy wuicu iiiesu waio nao u . cup ported, the public debt paid, and the price tor the territory iurnisnea. nas Deen raiseu chiefly by duties which have notoriously operated designedly and incidentally to pro mote the industry and capital of the North, and to oppress those of the South. If after all this the South should submit to be plundered of her share of the territoiy now in dispute, when, as an . agricultural people, she requires her full proportion, she would be recreant to her interests, her power, her right, her honor, and her fame; recreant to her history and her destiny. One of the proposed objects of these North ern reformers is to promote the prosperity of the South. I have shown that she wants none of their aid, and that there are at home thousands of criminals to reform and hun dreds of thousands of paupers to be relieved, on whom their philanthropy may. oe ex hausted! Is it for the welfare of the slave they arc contending? I hold it to be the duty even of him who undertakes to subvert the establish ed order of things, to manifest at least as much respect for experience as experiment, and it so happens that the experience o emancipation has been ample and diversified. In Hayti, the black, after exterminating the white population, remained independent and isolated, the exclusive architect of its own institutions and destiny. The result is that they have relapsed into pristine barba rism. The exports of Hayti amounted in 1789 to about twenty-five millions of dollars they do not now amount to one tenth of that sum. The Haytien contents himself with the cultivation of a few yams for a mere subsistence, and a mere hut for a dwelling. The blacks and mulattoes are at civil war, and yesterday's papers announced that an army of twenty thousand men was advancing against the principal town. Port au Prince. Another. plan- of emancipation is to send the liberated to Liberia. But besides the expense of such a system, which renders it impracticable, it is attendee with the death of from one-fourth to one-half of the emi grants by the coast fever. The third plan attempted is that by the British in their West Indies tbe -.plan or gradual abolition by apprenticeship and ulti mate equality of black and white ;m and this also has failed. The exports of Jamaica have already, -in the first ten years of the experi ment, fallen one-half. The negroes refuse to work even .for high wages beyond what is necessary for mere subsistence, the planters are bankrupt, plantations are already aban doned, and the island is hastening to the condition of Hayti. The fourth plan of emancipation is that which has been going on with us. That of manumission by tho will of the, master, the freeman remaining with black and white, or seeking other states. This experiment has not succeeded. The eminancipated slave does not appear to be willing to perform the amount of work necessary to enable him to i compete successfully with the white laborer. In the State of New York th'e Constitution confered the right of suffrage on colored persons owning $250 worth of property. Yet in the city of New York in 1845, out of 11,939 colorod people there were only 103 voters, and notwithstanding their num bers are augmented by frequent manumis sions and fugitive slaves, they do not increase so rapidly as the slave population, which is evidence that their condition is not so cnmfoi table. It is also a" curious fact that of 3S6,293 free persons of color in 1S40, nearly half (183,766) prefered to remain in the slave states, where certainly as a class they are treated with no peculiar favor. In Massachusetts, where so much sympathey is expressed for them they cannot or will not live. There are less now ofthem in Boston than there was twenty yeais ago, and in both Virginia and Massachusetts there are ten times as many free colore! people in and luxury and all other evils. And we may all hope for the time to come, when in the progress of Christianity the evils of slavery in the South, and those df pauperism crime, and mortilaty in the North will be greatly mitigated or abolished. But the North can now make no protest, because the luxurious system of Northern civilization not only subjects the great mass of the peo pie to unwonted labor abd privation, but ac tually sacrifices iri peace a greater amount of life than ia usually expended by communities oil war, - -, , If then the welfare of neither white nor black in the South would be promoted by the restriction or abolition of slaveiy, wou'd the prosperity of the" North bo advanced 'I The only thing of which the North complains on its own account is the ratio of reprcsenti tion fixed by the Constitution which gives tho South a vote equal to three-fifths of tho blacks. Buton the otherhand.in consequence of the existence of slavery in tho South, th North has a monopoly of foreign emigration. This amounted as we have seen from 1829 to 1840 to a million and a half, including its increase. In the previous thirty years it must have been, with its increase to this day, at least half a million more. Since 1S40 it ha., amounted to a million besides. So that tho North has tho vote and the power ofthrto millions of people against the political power which slavery now conters,and that is equiva lent to a white population only of about two millions. And furthermore, by the peculiar agricul tural employment of Southern industry ar;. capital, the South is a customer and consume: of Northern manufactures and commerce at e": of Norths-western agriculture. Abolish slave ry and convert the South into a people ei mechanics, arlizans and merchant, and in stead of being a customer she becomes competitor of the other section. And if th march of pauperism, crime, and mortality the North be so great now, what would it b then. ' The condition of modern civilization is far more laborious and oppressive than the nn- cient. lhc seats of ancient 6Cif-nco and the arts were in the mild climates of tho McJite ranean shore, or in the south of Asia ain't Europe. And in America tho ruins of her unrecorded civilization are to bo found m Palenquo and Copan, all in a similar climate. The genius of England has earned civiliza tion to a more northern latitude, and tint r' America has extended it, if not hicher i.-i latitude, to a still more rigorous climate tln i that of England. The wants of such a cli mate are great and imperious. Tho cost of fuel alone in the city of New York exceed $16,000,000 annually. The clothing mii., be much warmer, the houses more substar tial, the food more nourishing and all mo; expensive than a milder climate. And tin. great augmentation of the burthens of civili zed life must be borne in tho INorth l freemen, not as of old by slaves. Ilcne have we seen the fearful struggle of Northcn. labor.for subsistence ; notwithstanding th immense aid it has derived from moderr 'machinery and invention. But take fion that labor the custom, and subject it to th competition of the South, where so much Ice " is required for subsistence, and that so mur cheaper, and the result would bo as ruinr : to the present system of the North as to t : of the South. These two great systems Ir. grown up together. That of the North coi . not have so much expanded without a ma.k in Southern agriculture nor could this h grown so great but for the demand and stij plies of the North. Together they hav. flourished ; together they must falter and fall. To restrict, therefore, tho territorial extension of the South, and by circumscribing its in dustry render it unprofitable is to restrict nnd paralize the prosperity of the North in all its departments. Together these institutions have marched hatmoniously to that eminenco and success which have won the prosperity of both at home and extorted the admiration of the world abroad. If either should fall by .t i ... . . me nana ot the other tho crime would not only be fraticide it would be suicide; and over the mouldering ruins of both would de serve to be written the epitaph : Hero wcro a people who disputed about the capacity of the African for liberty and civilization, and did not themselves possess tho capacity to preserve their own. Listening to Evrr. Keports. The long er 1 live, the more I feel the imnnii.incn r.P adhering to the rule which I have laid down for myself in relation to such matters: 1. To hear as little as possible of whatever is to the prejudice of others. 2. To believe nothing of the kind till I am absolutely forced to it. 3. Never to drink into the spirit of ono who circulates an ill repoit. 4. Always to moderate, us far as I can, tho unkindness which is expressed towards oth ers. 5. Always to believe that, if :he other side were heard, a very different account would be given of the matter.- CarntLfo of Simeon. It is a bad siga to see a man with his hat off at midnight, arguing the rum seller's cause to a lamp post. It is also a bad sign to sec a fellow lie down in the gutter, supposing it to be his bed, and commence calling a poor t'n nncent hog all sort of hard names, mistaking it for his wife. A young lawyer, not over-young nor hand some, examining a young lady, a witness in court, determined to perplex her, and said, " Miss, upon my word, you are very pretty !" The young lady yery readily replied, I would return the compliment, sir, if I were not an oath !n Id'How these shop-keepers will fib it said Mrs. Partington, with an expression of pain on her venerable features : 'that young man I bought these needles of, said they were good tempered, and only sec how spitefully this one has masecrated my finger An Irishman seeing an outside passrnger of an English stage coach covered with dust, observeclthat if he was a potatoo ho mijM grow without any further planting. Ifthe devil should loso his tail, "whero would he get another -'I" a dram shop, to be sure, where they re-tail bad'sptrtts. 1
The Newbernian, and North Carolina Advocate (New Bern, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
May 29, 1849, edition 1
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